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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Emscripten</span></span>
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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">Emscripten</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Alon Zakai</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">22 October 2011<span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2011-10-22</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">4.0.11<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-d8029f6d81e1502762f9785fa81cbda18b8aee44-v20_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-d8029f6d81e1502762f9785fa81cbda18b8aee44-v20-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
/ 11 July 2025<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">11 July 2025</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">
</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">
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</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten">github<wbr>.com<wbr>/emscripten-core<wbr>/emscripten</a></span> </li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, <a href="C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, <a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Compiler" title="Compiler">Compiler</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT License</a>, <a href="University_of_Illinois/NCSA_Open_Source_License" title="University of Illinois/NCSA Open Source License">University of Illinois/NCSA Open Source License</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emscripten.org/">emscripten<wbr>.org</a></span> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"></span></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Emscripten</b> is an <a href="LLVM" title="LLVM">LLVM</a>/<a href="Clang" title="Clang">Clang</a>-based <a href="Compiler" title="Compiler">compiler</a> that compiles <a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> and <a href="C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> <a href="Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a> to <a href="WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> primarily for execution in <a href="Web_browsers" class="mw-redirect" title="Web browsers">web browsers</a>.
</p><p>Emscripten allows applications and libraries written in C or C++ to be compiled ahead of time and run efficiently in web browsers, typically at speeds comparable to or faster than <a href="Interpreter_(computing)" title="Interpreter (computing)">interpreted</a> or <a href="Just-in-time_compilation" title="Just-in-time compilation">dynamically compiled</a> JavaScript. It even emulates an entire <a href="POSIX" title="POSIX">POSIX</a> operating system, enabling programmers to use functions from the <a href="C_standard_library" title="C standard library">C standard library</a> (libc).<sup id="cite_ref-ClarkL_(2019)_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ClarkL_(2019)-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>With the more recent development of the <a href="WebAssembly#WASI" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly System Interface (WASI)</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and WebAssembly <a href="Runtime_system" title="Runtime system">runtimes</a> such as <a href="Node.js" title="Node.js">Node.js</a>, Wasmtime,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Wasmer,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emscripten can also be used to compile to WebAssembly for execution in non-Web embeddings as well.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2></div>
<p>Emscripten has been used to <a href="Porting" title="Porting">port</a> a number of C/C++ code bases to WebAssembly, including <a href="Unreal_Engine_3" title="Unreal Engine 3">Unreal Engine 3</a>, <a href="SQLite" title="SQLite">SQLite</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="MeshLab" title="MeshLab">MeshLab</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Bullet_(software)" title="Bullet (software)">Bullet physics</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="AutoCAD" title="AutoCAD">AutoCAD</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a subset of the <a href="Qt_(software)" title="Qt (software)">Qt application framework</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other examples of software ported to WebAssembly via Emscripten include the following:
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Game_engines">Game engines</h3></div>
<p>The <a href="Unity_(game_engine)" title="Unity (game engine)">Unity</a>, <a href="Defold" title="Defold">Defold</a>, and <a href="Godot_(game_engine)" title="Godot (game engine)">Godot</a> game engines provide an export option to HTML5, utilizing Emscripten.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
<a href="Unreal_Engine" title="Unreal Engine">Unreal Engine</a> had this export option but it has been migrated out of the engine to a community member plug in.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="Source_(game_engine)" title="Source (game engine)">Source Engine</a>, has a community developed port for Emscripten dubbed "HalfLife2JS"<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frameworks_&_toolkits">Frameworks & toolkits</h3></div>
<p><a href="OpenFrameworks" title="OpenFrameworks">openFrameworks</a> exports native C++ applications to HTML5 via Emscripten.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> emscripten-qt permits compiling applications written using the <a href="Qt_(software)" title="Qt (software)">Qt application framework</a> to WebAssembly.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Software_archiving">Software archiving</h3></div>
<p>In December 2014, the <a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> launched a <a href="DOSBox" title="DOSBox">DOSBox</a> emulator compiled in Emscripten to provide browser-based access to thousands of archived <a href="MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> and PC programs.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creation">Creation</h3></div>
<p>Emscripten was created by Alon Zakai in 2010, motivated by his desire to port his fork of the open source first-person shooter game <b><a href="Cube_2%3A_Sauerbraten" title="Cube 2: Sauerbraten">Sauerbraten</a></b>, known as <b>Syntensity</b><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, to the web. Sauerbraten (also known as Cube 2) is an open source FPS game<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, and Syntensity was Zakai’s project that extended the <a href="Cube_Engine_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Cube Engine 2">Cube 2 Engine</a> for greater flexibility. Observing the increasing shift of applications to web browsers, Zakai began developing Emscripten as an LLVM-to-JavaScript compiler, aiming to make it possible to run existing C and C++ code, such as game engines, directly in the browser. In early blog posts, Zakai explained that his long-term goal was “<i>to run Syntensity, or a smaller version of it, on the web</i>”<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, and Emscripten was released as open source shortly after its initial development, making it available for the broader community to experiment with and contribute to.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
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<ul><li><a href="Asm.js" title="Asm.js">asm.js</a></li>
<li><a href="Google_Native_Client" title="Google Native Client">Google Native Client</a> (PNaCl)</li>
<li><a href="WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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</style><cite id="CITEREFZakai,Alon2011" class="citation book cs1">Zakai,Alon (22 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2048147.2048224">"Emscripten: An LLVM-to-JavaScript compiler"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the ACM international conference companion on Object oriented programming systems languages and applications companion</i>. OOPSLA. pp. <span class="nowrap">301–</span>312. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F2048147.2048224">10.1145/2048147.2048224</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4503-0942-4</bdi>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-wikidata-d8029f6d81e1502762f9785fa81cbda18b8aee44-v20-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-d8029f6d81e1502762f9785fa81cbda18b8aee44-v20_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/releases/tag/4.0.11">"Release 4.0.11"</a>. 11 July 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2025</span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/releases">"emscripten-core/emscripten: Emscripten: An LLVM-to-JavaScript Compiler"</a>. <i><a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i>. <q>C: 40.0%; C++: 34.4%; JavaScript: 17.4%.</q></cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/kripken/emscripten/wiki/WebAssembly">WebAssembly · emscripten-core/emscripten Wiki · GitHub</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-ClarkL_(2019)-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ClarkL_(2019)_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFClark" class="citation web cs1">Clark, Lin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hacks.mozilla.org/2019/03/standardizing-wasi-a-webassembly-system-interface/">"Standardizing WASI: A system interface to run WebAssembly outside the web – Mozilla Hacks - the Web developer blog"</a>. <i>Mozilla Hacks – the Web developer blog</i>. Mozilla<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite></span>
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</ol></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>
<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emscripten.org/">Official website</a></span></span> </li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten">Project page on GitHub</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emscripten.org/docs/">Emscripten Documentation</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/wiki/Porting-Examples-and-Demos">Porting Examples and Demos</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/appcypher/awesome-wasm-runtimes">A list of some WebAssembly runtimes</a></li></ul>
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</style><div id="JavaScript497" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Static_program_analysis" title="Static program analysis">Code analysis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="ESLint" title="ESLint">ESLint</a></li>
<li><a href="JSHint" title="JSHint">JSHint</a></li>
<li><a href="JSLint" title="JSLint">JSLint</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Subset" title="Subset">Supersets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="ArkTS" title="ArkTS">ArkTS</a></li>
<li><a href="JS%2B%2B" title="JS++">JS++</a></li>
<li><a href="TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Source-to-source_compiler" title="Source-to-source compiler">Transpilers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="AtScript" title="AtScript">AtScript</a></li>
<li><a href="Babel_(transcompiler)" title="Babel (transcompiler)">Babel</a></li>
<li><a href="ClojureScript" class="mw-redirect" title="ClojureScript">ClojureScript</a></li>
<li><a href="CoffeeScript" title="CoffeeScript">CoffeeScript</a></li>
<li><a href="Dart_(programming_language)" title="Dart (programming language)">Dart</a></li>
<li><a href="Elm_(programming_language)" title="Elm (programming language)">Elm</a></li>
<li><a href="Google_Closure_Compiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Google Closure Compiler">Google Closure Compiler</a></li>
<li><a href="Google_Web_Toolkit" title="Google Web Toolkit">Google Web Toolkit</a></li>
<li><a href="Haxe" title="Haxe">Haxe</a></li>
<li><a href="LiveScript_(programming_language)" title="LiveScript (programming language)">LiveScript</a></li>
<li><a href="Morfik" title="Morfik">Morfik</a></li>
<li><a href="Nim_(programming_language)" title="Nim (programming language)">Nim</a></li>
<li><a href="Opa_(programming_language)" title="Opa (programming language)">Opa</a></li>
<li><a href="PureScript" title="PureScript">PureScript</a></li>
<li><a href="Reason_(programming_language)" title="Reason (programming language)">Reason</a></li>
<li><a href="WebSharper" title="WebSharper">WebSharper</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="JavaScript_library" title="JavaScript library">JavaScript library</a></li>
<li><a href="JavaScript_syntax" title="JavaScript syntax">JavaScript syntax</a></li>
<li><a href="JavaScript_stack" title="JavaScript stack">JavaScript stack</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Debugger" title="Debugger">Debuggers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Chrome_(browser)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrome (browser)">Chrome DevTools</a></li>
<li><a href="Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a> Inspector</li>
<li><a href="Komodo_IDE" title="Komodo IDE">Komodo IDE</a></li>
<li><a href="Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a> Web Inspector</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Documentation_generator" title="Documentation generator">Documentation generators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="JSDoc" title="JSDoc">JSDoc</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Editors (<a href="Comparison_of_JavaScript-based_source_code_editors" title="Comparison of JavaScript-based source code editors">comparison</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Ace_(editor)" title="Ace (editor)">Ace</a>
<ul><li><a href="Cloud9_IDE" title="Cloud9 IDE">Cloud9 IDE</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Atom_(text_editor)" title="Atom (text editor)">Atom</a></li>
<li><a href="CodeMirror" title="CodeMirror">CodeMirror</a>
<ul><li><a href="Brackets_(text_editor)" title="Brackets (text editor)">Brackets</a></li>
<li><a href="Light_Table_(software)" title="Light Table (software)">Light Table</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="PhpStorm" class="mw-redirect" title="PhpStorm">PhpStorm</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_Eclipse_projects#Top-level_sub-projects" title="List of Eclipse projects">Orion</a></li>
<li><a href="Visual_Studio" title="Visual Studio">Visual Studio</a>
<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_Visual_Studio_Express" title="Microsoft Visual Studio Express">Visual Studio Express</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Visual_Studio_Code" title="Visual Studio Code">Visual Studio Code</a></li>
<li><a href="Visual_Studio#Azure_DevOps_Services" title="Visual Studio">Visual Studio Team Services</a></li>
<li><a href="Vim_(text_editor)" title="Vim (text editor)">Vim</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="JavaScript_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="JavaScript engine">Engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="List_of_ECMAScript_engines" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ECMAScript engines">List of ECMAScript engines</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Software_framework" title="Software framework">Frameworks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_JavaScript-based_web_frameworks" title="Comparison of JavaScript-based web frameworks">Comparison of JavaScript frameworks</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_JavaScript_libraries" title="List of JavaScript libraries">List of JavaScript libraries</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related <a href="Technology" title="Technology">technologies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Ajax_(programming)" title="Ajax (programming)">Ajax</a></li>
<li><a href="AssemblyScript" title="AssemblyScript">AssemblyScript</a></li>
<li><a href="Asm.js" title="Asm.js">asm.js</a></li>
<li><a href="Cascading_Style_Sheets" class="mw-redirect" title="Cascading Style Sheets">Cascading Style Sheets</a></li>
<li><a href="Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">Document Object Model</a></li>
<li><a href="HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>
<ul><li><a href="HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a></li>
<li><a href="WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></li>
<li><a href="WebAuthn" title="WebAuthn">WebAuthn</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Package_manager" title="Package manager">Package managers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Npm" title="Npm">npm</a></li>
<li><a href="Pnpm" title="Pnpm">pnpm</a></li>
<li><a href="Yarn_(package_manager)" title="Yarn (package manager)">yarn</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Module bundlers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Webpack" title="Webpack">Webpack</a></li>
<li><a href="Vite_(software)" title="Vite (software)">Vite</a></li>
<li><a href="Esbuild" title="Esbuild">esbuild</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Server-side_JavaScript" class="mw-redirect" title="Server-side JavaScript">Server-side</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Active_Server_Pages" title="Active Server Pages">Active Server Pages</a></li>
<li><a href="Bun_(software)" title="Bun (software)">Bun</a></li>
<li><a href="CommonJS" title="CommonJS">CommonJS</a></li>
<li><a href="Deno_(software)" title="Deno (software)">Deno</a></li>
<li><a href="JSGI" title="JSGI">JSGI</a></li>
<li><a href="Node.js" title="Node.js">Node.js</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Unit_testing" title="Unit testing">Unit testing</a> frameworks (<a href="List_of_unit_testing_frameworks#JavaScript" title="List of unit testing frameworks">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Jasmine_(software)" title="Jasmine (software)">Jasmine</a></li>
<li><a href="Mocha_(JavaScript_framework)" title="Mocha (JavaScript framework)">Mocha</a></li>
<li><a href="QUnit" title="QUnit">QUnit</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Douglas_Crockford" title="Douglas Crockford">Douglas Crockford</a></li>
<li><a href="Ryan_Dahl" title="Ryan Dahl">Ryan Dahl</a></li>
<li><a href="Brendan_Eich" title="Brendan Eich">Brendan Eich</a></li>
<li><a href="John_Resig" title="John Resig">John Resig</a></li>
<li><a href="Jesse_James_Garrett" title="Jesse James Garrett">Jesse James Garrett</a></li></ul>
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